Spatially explicit prioritization of human antibiotics and antineoplastics in Europe

被引：45

作者：

Oldenkamp, Rik ^{[1
]}

Huijbregts, Mark A. J. ^{[1
]}

Hollander, Anne ^{[1
,2
]}

Versporten, Ann ^{[3
]}

Goossens, Herman ^{[3
]}

Ragas, Ad M. J. ^{[1
,4
]}

机构：

[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Water & Wetland Res, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands

[2] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Ecol Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands

[3] Univ Antwerp, Lab Med Microbiol, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst VAXINFECTIO, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium

[4] Open Univ, Sch Sci, NL-6401 DL Heerlen, Netherlands

来源：

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL | 2013年 / 51卷

关键词：

Pharmaceuticals; Prioritization; Risk assessment; Environment; Human health; Spatial variation; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; HUMAN PHARMACEUTICALS; WASTE-WATER; VETERINARY MEDICINES; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; THERAPEUTIC DRUGS; SINGLE-SUBSTANCE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.010

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

This paper presents a screening tool for the location-specific prioritization of human pharmaceutical emissions in Europe, based on risk quotients for the aquatic environment and human health. The tool provides direction towards either monitoring activities or additional research. Its application is illustrated for a set of 11 human antibiotics and 7 antineoplastics. Risk quotients for the aquatic environment were highest for levofloxacin, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin, located in Northern Italy (Milan region; particularly levofloxacin) and other densely populated areas in Europe (e.g. London, Krakow and the Ruhr area). Risk quotients for human health not only depend on pharmaceutical and location, but also on behavioral characteristics, such as consumption patterns. Infants in eastern Spain that consume locally produced food and conventionally treated drinking water were predicted to run the highest risks. A limited comparison with measured concentrations in surface water showed that predicted and measured concentrations are approximately within one order of magnitude. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：13 / 26

页数：14

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