Heart Rate Variability Dynamics During Low-Dose Propofol and Dexmedetomidine Anesthesia

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been observed to decrease during anesthesia, but changes in HRV during loss and recovery of consciousness have not been studied in detail. In this study, HRV dynamics during low-dose propofol (N = 10) and dexmedetomidine (N = 9) anesthesia were estimated by using time-varying methods. Standard time-domain and frequency-domain measures of HRV were included in the analysis. Frequency-domain parameters like low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) component powers were extracted from time-varying spectrum estimates obtained with a Kalman smoother algorithm. The Kalman smoother is a parametric spectrum estimation approach based on time-varying autoregressive (AR) modeling. Prior to loss of consciousness, an increase in HF component power indicating increase in vagal control of heart rate (HR) was observed for both anesthetics. The relative increase of vagal control over sympathetic control of HR was overall larger for dexmedetomidine which is in line with the known sympatholytic effect of this anesthetic. Even though the inter-individual variability in the HRV parameters was substantial, the results suggest the usefulness of HRV analysis in monitoring dexmedetomidine anesthesia.