Influence of pathogens and moderate leukocytes on seminal interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and sperm parameters

To evaluate the role of pathogens and moderate leukocytes on seminal interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and sperm parameters in men undergoing infertility investigation. Semen samples from men (n = 171) were divided into three groups on the basis of leukocyte count: no leukocytes (L-; a parts per thousand currency sign0.1 x 10(6)/ml Mio/ml), moderate leukocytes (L +/-; > 0.1 x 10(6)/ml and < 1 x 10(6)/ml), and high leukocytes (=leukocytospermia) (L+; a parts per thousand yen1 x 10(6)/ml). Each group was further classified into two subgroups, according to the presence (B+) or absence (B-) of pathogens. IL-6, IL-8, and sperm characteristics were analyzed in each subgroup. A correlation test was performed to show the association between inflammatory parameters and sperm characteristics. No significant differences in leukocyte count, cytokine levels, and sperm characteristics were apparent in subgroups with and without pathogens. Grade b motility was significantly lower in subgroup IIa (L +/-,B-) than in subgroup Ia (L-,B-)(p < 0.05). More significant limitations in sperm motility (lower rapid progressive motility and increased percentage of immotile sperm) were observed in subgroup IIIa (L+,B-) compared with subgroup Ia (p < 0.05). Moderate and high leukocytes increased significantly cytokine levels (p < 0.001). Moderate leukocyte counts could be an indicator of male genital tract inflammation. Seminal pathogens have no influence on cytokine levels and sperm parameters.