Novel biomarkers in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction compared with cardiac troponin T

To evaluate the role of novel biomarkers in early detection of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients admitted with acute chest pain. A prospective study of 664 patients presenting to two coronary care units with chest pain was conducted over 3 years from 2003. Patients were assessed on admission: clinical characteristics, ECG (electrocardiogram), renal function, cardiac troponin T (cTnT), heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), glycogen phosphorylase-BB, NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide, D-dimer, hsCRP (high sensitivity C-reactive protein), myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, pregnancy associated plasma protein-A, soluble CD40 ligand. A >= 12 h cTnT sample was also obtained. MI was defined as cTnT >= 0.03 mu g/L. In patients presenting < 4 h of symptom onset, sensitivity of H-FABP for MI was significantly higher than admission cTnT (73 vs. 55%; P = 0.043). Specificity of H-FABP was 71%. None of the other biomarkers challenged cTnT. Combined use of H-FABP and cTnT (either one elevated initially) significantly improved the sensitivities of H-FABP or cTnT (85%; P <= 0.004). This combined approach also improved the negative predictive value, negative likelihood ratio, and the risk ratio. Assessment of H-FABP within the first 4 h of symptoms is superior to cTnT for detection of MI, and is a useful additional biomarker for patients with acute chest pain.