An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean

被引：683

作者：

Halpern, Benjamin S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Longo, Catherine ^{[1
]}

Hardy, Darren ^{[1
]}

McLeod, Karen L. ^{[3
]}

Samhouri, Jameal F. ^{[4
]}

Katona, Steven K. ^{[5
]}

Kleisner, Kristin ^{[6
]}

Lester, Sarah E. ^{[7
,8
]}

O'Leary, Jennifer ^{[1
]}

Ranelletti, Marla ^{[1
]}

Rosenberg, Andrew A. ^{[5
]}

Scarborough, Courtney ^{[1
]}

Selig, Elizabeth R. ^{[5
]}

Best, Benjamin D. ^{[9
]}

Brumbaugh, Daniel R. ^{[10
]}

Chapin, F. Stuart ^{[11
]}

Crowder, Larry B. ^{[12
,13
]}

Daly, Kendra L. ^{[14
]}

Doney, Scott C. ^{[15
]}

Elfes, Cristiane ^{[16
,17
]}

Fogarty, Michael J. ^{[18
]}

Gaines, Steven D. ^{[8
]}

Jacobsen, Kelsey I. ^{[8
]}

Karrer, Leah Bunce ^{[5
]}

Leslie, Heather M. ^{[19
,20
]}

Neeley, Elizabeth ^{[21
]}

Pauly, Daniel ^{[6
]}

Polasky, Stephen ^{[22
]}

Ris, Bud ^{[23
]}

St Martin, Kevin ^{[24
]}

Stone, Gregory S. ^{[5
]}

Sumaila, U. Rashid ^{[6
]}

Zeller, Dirk ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA

[2] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Marine Assessment & Planning, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[3] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, COMPASS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[4] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA

[5] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA

[6] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

[7] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[8] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[9] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA

[10] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA

[11] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA

[12] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA

[13] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA

[14] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33705 USA

[15] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA

[16] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[17] Conservat Int, IUCN Global Species Programme, Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA

[18] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02453 USA

[19] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA

[20] Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA

[21] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, COMPASS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[22] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[23] New England Aquarium, Cent Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 USA

[24] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2012年 / 488卷 / 7413期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

SAFE OPERATING SPACE; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; INDICATORS; FRAMEWORK; IMPACTS;

D O I：

10.1038/nature11397

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The ocean plays a critical role in supporting human well-being, from providing food, livelihoods and recreational opportunities to regulating the global climate. Sustainable management aimed at maintaining the flow of a broad range of benefits from the ocean requires a comprehensive and quantitative method to measure and monitor the health of coupled human-ocean systems. We created an index comprising ten diverse public goals for a healthy coupled human-ocean system and calculated the index for every coastal country. Globally, the overall index score was 60 out of 100 (range 36-86), with developed countries generally performing better than developing countries, but with notable exceptions. Only 5% of countries scored higher than 70, whereas 32% scored lower than 50. The index provides a powerful tool to raise public awareness, direct resource management, improve policy and prioritize scientific research.

引用

页码：615 / +

页数：8

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