Cardiac effects of CPAP treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation

Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for the development and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate the changes in heart rate and atrial and ventricular ectopy after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with OSA and AF. Methods Consecutive patients with AF underwent ambulatory sleep monitoring, and OSA was defined as an Apnea-Hypopnea-Index (AHI) >= 5/h. Treated patients completed in-laboratory CPAP titration study. A 24-h ECG Holter was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after CPAP treatment. Results One hundred patients (70% males) with AF were included in the final analysis. OSA was diagnosed in 85% of patients. There were no significant changes in mean 24-h heart rate in patients with paroxysmal or permanent AF at 3 and 6 months of treatment compared to baseline. In patients with paroxysmal AF (n = 29), atrial and ventricular ectopy counts/24 h significantly decreased at 3 months compared to baseline (median (IQR) 351 (2049) to 57 (182), P = 0.002; 68 (105) to 16 (133), P = 0.01 respectively). At 6 months follow-up, the atrial ectopy count/24 h significantly decreased in patients with paroxysmal AF compared to baseline (median (IQR) 351 (2049) to 31 (113), P = 0.016, n = 14). In patients with permanent AF (n = 15), there was a significant reduction in ventricular ectopy count/24 h at 3 months compared to baseline (median (IQR) 100 (1116) to 33 (418), P = 0.02). Conclusions There is a significant decrease in atrial and ventricular ectopy count/24 h in patients with AF and OSA at 3 and 6 months of CPAP treatment compared to baseline.