Kepler-36: A Pair of Planets with Neighboring Orbits and Dissimilar Densities

被引:283
作者
Carter, Joshua A. [1 ]
Agol, Eric [2 ]
Chaplin, William J. [3 ]
Basu, Sarbani [4 ]
Bedding, Timothy R. [5 ,6 ]
Buchhave, Lars A. [7 ]
Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen [8 ]
Deck, Katherine M. [9 ,10 ]
Elsworth, Yvonne [3 ]
Fabrycky, Daniel C. [11 ]
Ford, Eric B. [12 ]
Fortney, Jonathan J. [11 ]
Hale, Steven J. [3 ]
Handberg, Rasmus [8 ]
Hekker, Saskia [13 ]
Holman, Matthew J. [1 ]
Huber, Daniel
Karoff, Christopher [8 ]
Kawaler, Steven D. [15 ]
Kjeldsen, Hans [8 ]
Lissauer, Jack J.
Lopez, Eric D. [11 ]
Lund, Mikkel N. [8 ]
Lundkvist, Mia [8 ]
Metcalfe, Travis S. [16 ]
Miglio, Andrea [3 ]
Rogers, Leslie A. [9 ,10 ]
Stello, Dennis [5 ,6 ]
Borucki, William J.
Bryson, Steve
Christiansen, Jessie L. [14 ]
Cochran, William D. [17 ]
Geary, John C. [1 ]
Gilliland, Ronald L. [18 ]
Haas, Michael R.
Hall, Jennifer [19 ]
Howard, Andrew W. [20 ]
Jenkins, Jon M. [14 ]
Klaus, Todd [19 ]
Koch, David G.
Latham, David W. [1 ]
MacQueen, Phillip J. [17 ]
Sasselov, Dimitar [1 ]
Steffen, Jason H. [21 ]
Twicken, Joseph D. [14 ]
Winn, Joshua N. [9 ,10 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[2] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[3] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Edgbaston B15 2TT, England
[4] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[5] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
[6] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[7] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
[8] Aarhus Univ, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
[9] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[10] Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[11] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[12] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
[13] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Netherlands Sch Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[14] NASA, SETI Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
[15] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA
[16] White Dwarf Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
[17] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[18] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[19] NASA, Orbital Sci Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
[20] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[21] Fermilab Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
基金
欧洲研究理事会; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;
关键词
TRANSIT TIMING VARIATIONS; LOW-MASS; STAR; MISSION; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; COMPANION; SCIENCE; CURVES;
D O I
10.1126/science.1223269
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
In the solar system, the planets' compositions vary with orbital distance, with rocky planets in close orbits and lower-density gas giants in wider orbits. The detection of close-in giant planets around other stars was the first clue that this pattern is not universal and that planets' orbits can change substantially after their formation. Here, we report another violation of the orbit-composition pattern: two planets orbiting the same star with orbital distances differing by only 10% and densities differing by a factor of 8. One planet is likely a rocky "super-Earth," whereas the other is more akin to Neptune. These planets are 20 times more closely spaced and have a larger density contrast than any adjacent pair of planets in the solar system.
引用
收藏
页码:556 / 559
页数:4
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