Investigation of deep levels in bulk GaN material grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy

Electron traps in thick free standing GaN grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy were characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy. The measurements revealed six electron traps with activation energy of 0.252 (E1), 0.53 (E2), 0.65 (E4), 0.69 (E3), 1.40 (E5), and 1.55 eV (E6), respectively. Among the observed levels, trap E6 has not been previously reported. The filling pulse method was employed to determine the temperature dependence of the capture cross section and to distinguish between point defects and extended defects. From these measurements, we have determined the capture cross section for level E1, E2, and E4 to 3.2 x 10(-16) cm(2), 2.2 x 10(-17) cm(2), and 1.9 x 10(-17) cm(2), respectively. All of the measured capture cross sections were temperature independent in the measured temperature range. From the electron capturing kinetic, we conclude that trap E1, E2, and E3 are associated with point defects. From the defect concentration profile obtained by double correlated deep level transient spectroscopy, we suggest that trap E4 and E6 are introduced by the polishing process. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.