An ssDNA aptamer selected by Cell-SELEX for the targeted imaging of poorly differentiated gastric cancer tissue

Gastric cancer (GC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Poorly differentiated GC predicts a poor prognosis and is related to patients' response to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore, it is very important to accurately evaluate the tumour differentiation status for the treatment of poorly differentiated GC. To develop a molecular probe to analyse poorly differentiated GC, we selected aptamers against poorly differentiated GC by subtractive Cell-SELEX using the poorly differentiated GC cell line BGC-823 as the target and the moderately differentiated GC cell line SGC-7901 as the negative control. After 15 rounds of selection, aptamer PDGC21 exhibited the highest affinity, and the K-d value of the truncated aptamer PDGC21-T was 35.2 +/- 1.1 nM. Aptamer PDGC21-T not only specifically bound to the target cells but also bound to other poorly differentiated GC cells. When combined with fluorescent nanoparticle quantum dots (QDs), the PDGC21T-QD probe could distinguish poorly differentiated GC cells in mixed culture cells and clinical specimens. Furthermore, in a tissue microarray containing 15 cases from patients, there was a higher positive rate in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues; in poorly differentiated tissues, in particular, the fluorescence signal was significantly higher than that in well/moderately differentiated tissues. Therefore, aptamer PDGC21-T holds great potential for use as a molecular imaging probe for the detection of poorly differentiated GC, which is of great significance for diagnosis and treatment.