Novel predictors of outcome after coronary angioplasty with rotational atherectomy. Not only low ejection fraction and clinical parameters matter

Introduction: Most established risk factors after rotational atherectomy (RA) of heavily fibro-calcified lesions are associated with patients' general risk and clinical related factors and are not specific for either coronary and culprit lesion anatomy or the RA procedure. Aim: To assess novel predictors of poor outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention using RA in an all-comers population. Material and methods: A total of 207 consecutive patients after RA were included in a single-center observational study. Primary endpoints were 1-year mortality and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Secondary endpoints were angiographic and procedural success and in-hospital complications. Results: Procedural complications occurred in 19 (8%) patients. In-hospital mortality was 1%, peri-procedural myocardial infarction (MI) was 9%, and acute stroke occurred in one patient. The 1-year MACE rate was 20% with all-cause mortality 10%, MI 10% and stroke 1%. Multivariable analysis revealed heart failure with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) <= 35% (p = 0.02) and uncrossable lesion, as compared to undilatable lesion (p = 0.01), as independent predictors of 1-year mortality and residual SYNTAX score <= 8 as an independent predictor of favorable outcome (p = 0.04). Heart failure with LVEF <= 35% (p < 0.01) and uncrossable lesion (p = 0.04) were independent predictors of 1-year MACE. Conclusions: The presence of a novel factor, uncrossable lesion, as compared to undilatable lesion, is associated with poor outcome, and low residual SYNTAX score = 8 is associated with favorable outcome in 1-year follow-up after the RA procedure and can help in risk stratification of patients undergoing complex coronary intervention with RA.