Self-Regulation Without Force: Can Awareness Leverage Reward to Drive Behavior Change?

被引:44
作者
Ludwig, Vera U. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Brown, Kirk Warren [5 ]
Brewer, Judson A. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Brown Univ, Mindfulness Ctr, Brown Sch Publ Hlth, Providence, RI 02903 USA
[2] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Sch Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA
[3] Univ Penn, Dept Neurosci, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[4] Univ Penn, Wharton Neurosci Initiat, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[5] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
关键词
self-regulation; self-control; operant conditioning; behavior change; self-determination theory; mindfulness; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; INTRINSIC MOTIVATION; MINDFULNESS MEDITATION; VALUE SIGNALS; SUBSTANCE USE; ATTENTION; FOOD; STRESS; INTERVENTION; CESSATION;
D O I
10.1177/1745691620931460
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
To reach longer-term goals and live aligned with their values, people typically must regulate their behavior. Effortful self-control is one way to achieve this and is usually framed as a forceful struggle between lower-level impulses and higher-level cognitive control processes. For example, people may restrain themselves from eating cake in order to lose weight. An alternative avenue of self-regulation draws on autonomous motivation: Individuals eat healthfully because it is values-congruent or intrinsically satisfying. Recent advances in the understanding of reward valuation on a neural level (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex) and emerging treatments on a clinical level (e.g., mindfulness training) suggest a possible mechanistic convergence between brain and behavior that is consistent with a shift from forced to unforced behavior change. Here we propose how an overlooked aspect of reinforcement learning can be leveraged using a simple yet critical feature of experience that is not reliant on willpower: Bringing awareness to one's subjective experience and behavior can produce a change in valuation of learned but unhealthy behaviors, leading to self-regulatory shifts that result in sustainable behavior change without force.
引用
收藏
页码:1382 / 1399
页数:18
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