Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients

To describe the shedding profile of human herpesviruses in the saliva of renal transplant recipients. This is a prospective case-control study of 50 renal transplant recipients and control group of 50 individuals (non-transplanted and immunocompetent). Mouthwash samples were collected via oral rinse and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR. Fisher's exact, chi-square, and Student t tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at 5%. The mean age of the study group was 49.42 +/- 12.94 years, 28/50 (56%) were female, and the time elapsed after transplantation was 68.20 +/- 67.19 months. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (P = 0.025) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (P = 0.024) were, statistically, more excreted in the saliva of renal transplant recipients compared to control group. Gender (P = 1.00) and age (P = 0.563) did not influence the salivary shedding of herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. Individuals who excreted varicella-zoster virus in saliva had a shorter mean time of transplantation (22:00 + 2.82 months) (P < 0.001). Renal transplant recipients excreted herpesviruses more often than controls, especially HSV-1 and EBV, with salivary shedding of herpesviruses being more frequent in patients with recent kidney transplantation. The present findings support other longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between oral shedding of human herpesviruses and clinical presence of active infection and renal transplant failure.