Effect of Dialysis Modalities on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality in End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Taiwan Renal Registry Data System (TWRDS) 2005-2012 Study

Introduction: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients who need renal replacement therapy need to face a dialysis modality decision: the choice between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although the global differences in HD/PD penetration are affected by health-care policies, these two modalities may exert different effects on survival in patients with ESKD. Although Taiwan did not implicate PD as first policy, we still need to compare patients' outcomes using two modalities in a nation-wise database to determine future patients' care and health policies. Methods: We used the nationwide Taiwan Renal Registry Data System (TWRDS) database from 2005 to 2012 and included 52,900 patients (48,371 on HD and 4529 on PD) to determine all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among ESKD patients. Results: Age-matched survival probability from all-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients on PD than in those on HD (p < 0.05). The adjusted hazard ratios of 3-year and 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were significantly higher in PD compared with HD. The presence of comorbid conditions including myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypoalbuminemia, hyperferritinemia and hypophosphatemia was related with significantly higher all-cause and CV mortality in PD patients. No significant difference was noted among younger patients <45 years of age regardless of DM and/or comorbid conditions. Conclusion: Although PD did not have the survival advantage compared to HD in all dialysis populations, PD was related with superior survival in younger non-DM patients, regardless of the presence of comorbidities. Similarly, for younger ESKD patients without the risk of CV disease, both PD and HD would be suitable dialysis modalities.