Comparative Analysis of Eight Esterification Methods in the Quantitative Determination of Vegetable Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)

The results of the quantitative determination of fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable oils, (soybean, flaxseed, and palm oils) by eight basic and acid catalysis esterification methods were compared. The selected methods were described by Metcalfe, 1966 (MET, ref. 17); Bannon, 1982 (BAN, ref. 18); Joseph and Ackman, 1992 (JAC, ref. 3); Hartman and Lago, 1973 (HLA, ref. 19); Jham, 1982 (JHA, ref. 20); ISO 5509, 1978 (ISO, ref. 21); Bannon, 1982 (BBA, ref. 15) and Schuchardt and Lopes, 1988 (SLO, ref. 22). Despite the large variation in the determination of unsaturated fatty acids, all the methods were efficient in the analysis of saturated fatty acids. The results obtained show that fatty acid analysis may be affected by oil composition and that JAC, ISO, and BBA methods are more efficient. ISO, and BBA are recommended for low acidity samples due to their low reagent toxicity and cost. The JAC method is recommended only for high acidity samples, as the ISO and BBA methods are carried out in basic medium and cannot analyze the free fatty acids.