Upper crustal abundances of trace elements: A revision and update

被引:484
作者
Hu, Zhaochu [1 ,2 ]
Gao, Shan [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] NW Univ Xian, Dept Geol, State Key Lab Continental Dynam, Xian 710069, Peoples R China
[2] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China
关键词
geochemistry; composition of the upper continental crust; trace elements;
D O I
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.05.010
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
We report new estimates of abundances of rarely analyzed elements (As, B, Be, Bi, Cd, Ge, In, Mo, Sb, Sn, Te, Tl, W) in the upper continental crust based on precise ICP-MS analyses of well-characterized upper crustal samples (shales, pelites, loess, graywackes, granitoids and their composites) from Australia, China, Europe, New Zealand and North American. Obtaining a better understanding of the upper crustal abundance and associated uncertainties of these elements is important in placing better constraints on bulk crust composition and, from that, whole Earth models of element cycling and crust generation. We also present revised abundance estimates of some more commonly analyzed trace elements (Li, Cr, Ni, and Tm) that vary by > 20% compared to previous estimates. The new estimates are mainly based on significant (r(2) > 0.6) inter-element correlations observed in clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks, which yield upper continental crust elemental ratios that are used in conjunction with well-determined abundances for certain key elements to place constraints on the concentrations of the rarely analyzed elements. Using the well-established upper crustal abundances of La (31 ppm), Th (10.5 ppm), Al2O3 (15.40%), K2O (2.80%) and Fe2O3 (5.92%), these ratios lead to revised upper crustal abundances of B=47 ppm, Bi=0.23 ppm, Cr=73 ppm, Li=41 ppm, Ni=34 ppm, Sb=0.075, Te=0.027 ppm, Tl=0.53 ppm and W=1.4 ppm. No significant correlations exist between Mo and Cd and other elements in the clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks, probably due to their enrichment in organic carbon. We thus calculate abundances of these elements by assuming the upper continental crust consists of 65% granitoid rocks plus 35% clastic sedimentary rocks. The validity of this approach is supported by the similarity of SiO2, Al2O3. La and Th abundances calculated in this way with their upper crustal abundances given in Rudnick and Gao [Rudnick, R., Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), The Crust. In: Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K. (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 3. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 1-64.]. The upper crustal abundances thus obtained are Mo=0.6 ppm and Cd=0.06 ppm. Our data also suggest a similar to 20% increase of the Tm, Yb and Lu abundances reported in Rudnick and Gao [Rudnick, R., Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), The Crust. In: Holland, H.D.. Turekian, K.K. (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 3. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 1-64.1. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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页码:205 / 221
页数:17
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