Human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7 contributes to immune escape and progression of cervical cancer by regulating miR-142-5p/PD-L1 axis

Persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and immune escape are the main causes of cervical cancer. E6/E7 encoded by HPV16 may be closely related to carcinogenesis. HPV infection may upregulate PD-L1 expression, resulting in immune escape and cervical cancerigenesis. Evidence indicates that miRNAs may mediate the regulation of E6/E7 on PD-L1. Therefore, we aimed to screen the miRNA, and further verify its expression and functions. Bioinformatics approaches were used to screen the miRNAs that mediate the regulation of E6/E7 on PD-L1. The expression of the miRNA and PD-L1 in HPV+ and HPV- cervical cancer cells were compared, and the effect of E6E7 on them was evaluated. Then, the effect of the miRNA on PD-L1 was assessed by the Gain-and Loss-of-function test. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted to verify the effects of the miRNA on tumor growth and survival of tumor-bearing mice. Six miRNAs were screened, of which miR-142-5p was identified. MiR-142-5p was downregulated and PD-L1 was upregulated in HPV- cells after transfection of E6, E7, or E6/E7. The rescue test showed that the upregulation of miR-142-5p attenuated the effect of E6/E7 on PD-L1. The reverse relationship between PD-L1 and miR-142-5p was confirmed. In vivo experiments suggest that miR-142-5p upregulation inhibits the growth of the transplanted tumors by targeting PD-L1. MiR-142-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer. HPV16 E6E7 may promote the immune escape of cervical cancer cells by regulating the miR-142-5p/PD-L1 axis. Using miR-142-5p in tumor immunotherapy as a new strategy is proposed.