A compact QCL spectrometer for mobile, high-precision methane sensing aboard drones

被引：49

作者：

Tuzson, Bela ^{[1
]}

Graf, Manuel ^{[1
]}

Ravelid, Jonas ^{[1
]}

Scheidegger, Philipp ^{[1
]}

Kupferschmid, Andre ^{[2
]}

Looser, Herbert ^{[1
]}

Morales, Randulph Paulo ^{[1
]}

Emmenegger, Lukas ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Empa Swiss Fed Lab Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland

[2] Empa Swiss Fed Lab Mat Sci & Technol, Transport Nanoscale Interfaces, Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES | 2020年 / 13卷 / 09期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION; STATION; MODEL;

D O I：

10.5194/amt-13-4715-2020

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

A compact and lightweight mid-infrared laser absorption spectrometer has been developed as a mobile sensing platform for high-precision atmospheric methane measurements aboard small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The instrument leverages two recent innovations: a novel segmented circular multipass cell (SC-MPC) design and a power-efficient, low-noise, intermittent continuous-wave (icw) laser driving approach. A system-on-chip hardware control and data acquisition system enables energy-efficient and fully autonomous operation. The integrated spectrometer weighs 2:1 kg (including battery) and consumes 18W of electrical power, making it ideally suited for airborne monitoring applications. Under stable laboratory conditions, the device achieves a precision (1 sigma) of 1:1 ppb within 1 s and 0:1 ppb CH4 at 100 s averaging time. Detailed investigations were performed to identify and quantify the effects of various environmental factors, such as sudden changes in pressure, temperature, and mechanical vibrations, which commonly influence UAV-mounted sensors. The instrument was also deployed in two feasibility field studies: an artificial methane release experiment and a study on vertical profiles in the planetary boundary layer. In both cases, the spectrometer demonstrated its airborne capability of capturing subtle and/or sudden changes in atmospheric CH4 mole fractions and providing real-time data at 1 s time resolution.

引用

页码：4715 / 4726

页数：12

共 24 条

[1] Tracer dispersion simulation in low wind speed conditions with a new 2D Langevin equation system [J].

Anfossi, D. ;

Alessandrini, S. ;

Castelli, S. Trini ;

Ferrero, E. ;

Oettl, D. ;

Degrazia, G. .

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2006, 40 (37) :7234-7245

[2] Greenhouse gas analyzer for measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle [J].

Berman, Elena S. F. ;

Fladeland, Matthew ;

Liem, Jimmy ;

Kolyer, Richard ;

Gupta, Manish .

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, 2012, 169 :128-135

[3] Extreme Methane Emissions from a Swiss Hydropower Reservoir: Contribution from Bubbling Sediments [J].

Delsontro, Tonya ;

McGinnis, Daniel F. ;

Sobek, Sebastian ;

Ostrovsky, Ilia ;

Wehrli, Bernhard .

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2010, 44 (07) :2419-2425

[4] COLLISIONAL NARROWING OF INFRARED WATER-VAPOR TRANSITIONS [J].

ENG, RS ;

JAVAN, A ;

HARMAN, TC ;

CALAWA, AR ;

KELLEY, PL .

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 1972, 21 (07) :303-&

[5] Intermittent operation of QC-lasers for mid-IR spectroscopy with low heat dissipation: tuning characteristics and driving electronics [J].

Fischer, M. ;

Tuzson, B. ;

Hugi, A. ;

Broennimann, R. ;

Kunz, A. ;

Blaser, S. ;

Rochat, M. ;

Landry, O. ;

Mueller, A. ;

Emmenegger, L. .

OPTICS EXPRESS, 2014, 22 (06) :7014-7027

[6] A review of close-range and screening technologies for mitigating fugitive methane emissions in upstream oil and gas [J].

Fox, Thomas A. ;

Barchyn, Thomas E. ;

Risk, David ;

Ravikumar, Arvind P. ;

Hugenholtz, Chris H. .

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (05)

[7] PRECISE MEASUREMENTS OF PRESSURE BROADENING AND SHIFT FOR SEVERAL H2O LINES IN THE NU-2 BAND BY ARGON, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AND AIR [J].

GIESEN, T ;

SCHIEDER, R ;

WINNEWISSER, G ;

YAMADA, KMT .

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY, 1992, 153 (1-2) :406-418

[8] Natural Gas Fugitive Leak Detection Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Localization and Quantification of Emission Rate [J].

Golston, Levi M. ;

Aubut, Nicholas F. ;

Frish, Michael B. ;

Yang, Shuting ;

Talbot, Robert W. ;

Gretencord, Christopher ;

McSpiritt, James ;

Zondlo, Mark A. .

ATMOSPHERE, 2018, 9 (09)

[9] Lightweight mid-infrared methane sensor for unmanned aerial systems [J].

Golston, Levi M. ;

Tao, Lei ;

Brosy, Caroline ;

Schaefer, Klaus ;

Wolf, Benjamin ;

McSpiritt, James ;

Buchholz, Bernhard ;

Caulton, Dana R. ;

Pan, Da ;

Zondlo, Mark A. ;

Yoel, David ;

Kunstmann, Harald ;

McGregor, Marty .

APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS, 2017, 123 (06)

[10] The HITRAN2016 molecular spectroscopic database [J].

Gordon, I. E. ;

Rothman, L. S. ;

Hill, C. ;

Kochanov, R. V. ;

Tan, Y. ;

Bernath, P. F. ;

Birk, M. ;

Boudon, V. ;

Campargue, A. ;

Chance, K. V. ;

Drouin, B. J. ;

Flaud, J. -M. ;

Gamache, R. R. ;

Hodges, J. T. ;

Jacquemart, D. ;

Perevalov, V. I. ;

Perrin, A. ;

Shine, K. P. ;

Smith, M. -A. H. ;

Tennyson, J. ;

Toon, G. C. ;

Tran, H. ;

Tyuterev, V. G. ;

Barbe, A. ;

Csaszar, A. G. ;

Devi, V. M. ;

Furtenbacher, T. ;

Harrison, J. J. ;

Hartmann, J. -M. ;

Jolly, A. ;

Johnson, T. J. ;

Karman, T. ;

Kleiner, I. ;

Kyuberis, A. A. ;

Loos, J. ;

Lyulin, O. M. ;

Massie, S. T. ;

Mikhailenko, S. N. ;

Moazzen-Ahmadi, N. ;

Mueller, H. S. P. ;

Naumenko, O. V. ;

Nikitin, A. V. ;

Polyansky, O. L. ;

Rey, M. ;

Rotger, M. ;

Sharpe, S. W. ;

Sung, K. ;

Starikova, E. ;

Tashkun, S. A. ;

Vander Auwera, J. .

JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER, 2017, 203 :3-69

← 1 2 3 →