Depositional and diagenetic history of the Kerendan carbonate platform, oligocene, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

The Kerendan carbonate platform (Oligocene Berai Limestone) covers a subsurface area measuring approximately 11 by 16 km in the westernmost Kutei Basin, Central Kalimantan. Aggradation of the Kerendan platform occurred during a major Oligocene transgression, and is contemporaneous with aggradation and backstepping of the Barito shelf margin which it-as located approximately 30 km to the south. The Kerendan platform is approximately 1,000 m thick, and comprises three aggrading seismic sequences identitied by the downlap of basinal strata at the platform margin and downlap of transgressive strata within the platform. Carbonate deposition started in the Late Eocene, and ended when the zipper limestone sequence drowned and it-as covered with shale in the Late Oligocene (approximately 28.6 Ma). Three depositional areas Can be distinguished in seismic sections: (1) a platform interior (lagoon),- (2) a slightly raised platform rim (1-2 kin wide); and (3) a basinward-dipping platform margin and slope. The margin of the platform is identified by inflections on the seismic profiles where the relatively lat platform top begins to slope basinward. Depositional models from outcrops combined with core from three Kerendan wells were used to extrapolate depositional facies onto the seismically-defined platform. Platform-interior (lagoon) facies consist largely, of fossiliferous wackestones and packstones, and porosities are generally lower than 5%. The platform rim is characterised by, interbedded bioclastic wackestones, packstones, grainstones and boundstones, with grainstones increasing toward the platform margin. Porosity, preferentially occurs in packstones, grainstones and boundstones. The platforim-rim deposits have greater porosity(5-13%) than the platform interior because the platform rim is more grainstone-rich, and because acidic waters compacting out of basinal shales concentrated dissolution near the platform margin. Pore types include vuggy porosity, microporosit within grains, and intercrystalline porosity in dolomite in the zipper part of the platform rim. Difterent pore types have resulted in variable but locally very high permeabilities (greater than 100 mD). Permeabilities decrease with depth as vuggy pores decrease, and microporositly becomes dominant.