[1] Air Univ, Sch Management, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
[2] Asia Univ, Fintech Ctr, Dept Finance, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
[3] Asia Univ, Big Data Res Ctr, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
[4] China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Med Res, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
[5] Hang Seng Univ Hong Kong, Dept Econ & Finance, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China