Uses of Heritage and beyond: Heritage Studies viewed through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis and Critical Realism

Uses of Heritage (2006) has been an important contribution to the development of Heritage Studies. Resting on a thorough 're-read' of this modern classic, the article analyses the text applying some central concepts from Critical Discourse Analysis and Critical Realism in order to review the arguments put forward. One of the linguistic features from Critical Discourse Analysis we draw on is 'nominalization', which refers to replacing verb processes with a noun construction. Re-reading Uses of Heritage and other succeeding publications, it is apparent that the phrase 'Authorized Heritage Discourse' is nominalized and reified into an entity obscuring who does what to whom, thereby making the 'Authorized Heritage Discourse' a self-evident unit of explanation. Furthermore, the insistence on viewing heritage as a cultural process rather than as 'things' is not readably compatible with Critical Realism's non-reductionist stance. Wrapping up, we nonetheless argue that really taking Critical Discourse Analysis and Critical Realism on board could provide a rule of conduct for the future developments of Heritage Studies, where multifarious conceptions of heritage can co-exist.