Prospects and problems of wireless communication for underwater sensor networks

This paper reviews the physical fundamentals and engineering implementations for efficient information exchange via wireless communication using physical waves as the carrier among nodes in all underwater sensor network (UWSN). The physical waves under discussion include sound, radio, and light. We first present the fundamental physics of different waves then we discuss and compare the pros and coils for adopting different communication carriers (acoustic, radio, and optical) based oil the fundamental first principles of physics and engineering practice. The discussions are mainly targeted at underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) with densely deployed nodes. Based oil the comparison study. we make recommendations for the selection of communication carriers for UWSNs with engineering countermeasures that can possibly enhance the communication efficiency in specified underwater environments. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.