The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review

被引:195
作者
Gonzalez-Gil, Adrian M. [1 ,2 ]
Elizondo-Montemayor, Leticia [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Tecnol Monterrey, Escuela Med & Ciencias Salud, Ave Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
[2] Tecnol Monterrey, Ctr Res Clin Nutr & Obes, Ave Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
[3] Tecnol Monterrey, Hosp Zambrano Hellion, Cardiovasc & Metabol Res Grp, San Pedro Garza Garcia 66278, Mexico
关键词
exercise; physical activity; fat mass loss; obesity; energy substrate redistribution; myokines; hepatokines; osteokines; adipokines; inflammation; DIET-INDUCED OBESITY; GROWTH-FACTOR; 21; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; FETUIN-A; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BODY-WEIGHT; GENE-EXPRESSION;
D O I
10.3390/nu12061899
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimization of global energy expenditure, enhancement of hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety and energy expenditure, and decreased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines, and immune cytokines and adipokines are hypothesized to play an important role in the body's response to exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview of these novel molecular players and the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of metabolic fuel during and after exercise, the loss of weight and fat mass, and reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain the potential role of these exercise-inducible factors, namely myokines, such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, and myostatin, and hepatokines, in particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, and follistatin. We also describe the function of osteokines, specifically osteocalcin, and of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. We also emphasize an integrative overview of the pleiotropic mechanisms, the metabolic pathways, and the inter-organ crosstalk involved in energy expenditure, fat mass loss, reduced inflammation, and healthy weight induced by exercise.
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页数:48
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