Does Karen wear a mask? The gendering of COVID-19 masking rhetoric

Purpose This paper asks how values and beliefs around gender influence social norms regarding masking. Specifically, the paper explores how the gendered meme "Karen" fits into social media discussions on support for and opposition to the wearing of masks to fight the spread of COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze tweets containing the hashtags #Masks4All and #NoMasks over a three-week period, using adjacent hashtag analysis to determine the terms most associated with Karen in the pro and anti-mask communities associated with these hashtags. Findings Anti-maskers reference Karen more often than pro-maskers, although she is presented in negative terms with gendered overtones by those on both sides of the masking debate. Originality/value The paper highlights how hypermasculinity rhetoric impedes social change that normalizes mask wearing.