Highly Efficient Reclamation of Meat-Processing Wastewater by Aerobic Hybrid Membrane Bioreactor-Reverse Osmosis Simulated System: A Comprehensive Economic and Environmental Study

A highly efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly hybrid membrane bioreactor-reverse osmosis (MBR-RO) was simulated for the treatment of meat-processing wastewater. The effluent elucidated >= 92% reduction in the COD, TKN, NO3--N, TN, TSS, and TP parameters. The aerobic MBR accounted for over 62% of the total operation cost that predominantly dealt with the electricity demand (94.19%), while climate change (95.13%) and photochemical oxidation formation (4.66%) categories imposed the highest environmental burdens. Fossil fuel utilization as the major energy supplier (97.26%) significantly enhanced the CO2 emission that led to augmented environmental impacts. Most sensitivity to change of prime parameters was reflected by the agricultural land occupation (19.25%) and ozone layer depletion (18.97%) categories. Accordingly, the proposed hybrid MBR-RO can be nominated as a promising system to overcome problems emerged from the meat-processing wastewater.