Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes in the Fermi era: Improved observations and analysis methods

被引：118

作者：

Briggs, Michael S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Xiong, Shaolin ^{[1
]}

Connaughton, Valerie ^{[1
,2
]}

Tierney, Dave ^{[3
]}

Fitzpatrick, Gerard ^{[3
]}

Foley, Suzanne ^{[3
]}

Grove, J. Eric ^{[4
]}

Chekhtman, Alexandre ^{[5
]}

Gibby, Melissa ^{[6
]}

Fishman, Gerald J. ^{[7
]}

McBreen, Shelia ^{[3
]}

Chaplin, Vandiver L. ^{[1
]}

Guiriec, Sylvain ^{[1
]}

Layden, Emily ^{[1
]}

Bhat, P. N. ^{[1
]}

Hughes, Maximilian ^{[9
]}

Greiner, Jochen ^{[8
,10
]}

von Kienlin, Andreas ^{[10
]}

Kippen, R. Marc ^{[11
]}

Meegan, Charles A. ^{[12
]}

Paciesas, William S. ^{[12
]}

Preece, Robert D. ^{[1
]}

Wilson-Hodge, Colleen ^{[7
]}

Holzworth, Robert H. ^{[13
]}

Hutchins, Michael L. ^{[13
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[2] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[3] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland

[4] US Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[5] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[6] Jacobs Engn Grp Inc, Huntsville, VA USA

[7] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA

[8] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[9] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA

[10] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[11] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM USA

[12] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA

[13] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS | 2013年 / 118卷 / 06期

基金：

爱尔兰科学基金会;

关键词：

TGFs; terrestrial gamma-ray flashes; lightning; gamma-ray; Fermi GBM; WWLLN; OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; LIGHTNING LOCATION; BURST; SPACE; AIR;

D O I：

10.1002/jgra.50205

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

A new data mode and new analysis methods are used to detect Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) 10 times more frequently than previously. In 1037h of observations at times and over regions for which TGFs are expected, 384 new TGFs were found in addition to the 39 TGFs and two Terrestrial Electron Beam events already detected without the new data mode and methodology. Cosmic ray showers were found to be an important background; they show characteristic signatures in the data of both GBM and the Fermi Large Area Telescope Calorimeter that enable their removal, leaving a sample estimated to consist of approximate to 98% TGFs. The sample includes shorter TGFs than previously found with GBM. The true duration distribution likely contains additional short TGFs because their detection by GBM is limited by detector dead time. One-third of this sample has matches with locations from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN)maps of these locations show the geographic and meteorological features more clearly than maps of spacecraft locations. The intrinsic TGF rate is evaluated using the lightning rate maps of the Lightning Imaging Sensor, accounting for the detection efficiency of GBM as a function of spacecraft-source offset, from which we estimate a global TGF rate of approximate to 400,000 per year. With continuous production of data in the new mode we estimate that GBM will detect approximate to 850 TGFs per year.

引用

页码：3805 / 3830

页数：26

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