The North American Carbon Program Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project - Part 1: Overview and experimental design

被引:209
作者
Huntzinger, D. N. [1 ,2 ]
Schwalm, C. [1 ]
Michalak, A. M. [3 ]
Schaefer, K. [4 ,5 ]
King, A. W. [6 ]
Wei, Y. [6 ]
Jacobson, A. [4 ,7 ]
Liu, S. [6 ]
Cook, R. B. [6 ]
Post, W. M. [6 ]
Berthier, G. [8 ]
Hayes, D. [6 ]
Huang, M. [9 ]
Ito, A. [10 ]
Lei, H. [11 ,12 ]
Lu, C. [13 ,14 ]
Mao, J. [6 ]
Peng, C. H. [15 ,16 ]
Peng, S. [8 ]
Poulter, B. [8 ]
Riccuito, D. [6 ]
Shi, X. [6 ]
Tian, H. [13 ,14 ]
Wang, W. [17 ]
Zeng, N. [18 ]
Zhao, F. [18 ]
Zhu, Q. [16 ]
机构
[1] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
[2] No Arizona Univ, Dept Civil Engn Construct Management & Environm E, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
[3] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA
[4] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA
[5] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[6] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
[7] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA
[8] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France
[9] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA
[10] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
[11] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA
[12] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[13] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
[14] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
[15] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada
[16] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Lab Ecol Forecasting & Global Change, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
[17] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
[18] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
CLIMATE; CYCLE; CO2; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BALANCE;
D O I
10.5194/gmd-6-2121-2013
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have become an integral tool for extrapolating local observations and understanding of land-atmosphere carbon exchange to larger regions. The North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) is a formal model intercomparison and evaluation effort focused on improving the diagnosis and attribution of carbon exchange at regional and global scales. MsTMIP builds upon current and past synthesis activities, and has a unique framework designed to isolate, interpret, and inform understanding of how model structural differences impact estimates of carbon uptake and release. Here we provide an overview of the MsTMIP effort and describe how the MsTMIP experimental design enables the assessment and quantification of TBM structural uncertainty. Model structure refers to the types of processes considered (e.g., nutrient cycling, disturbance, lateral transport of carbon), and how these processes are represented (e.g., photosynthetic formulation, temperature sensitivity, respiration) in the models. By prescribing a common experimental protocol with standard spin-up procedures and driver data sets, we isolate any biases and variability in TBM estimates of regional and global carbon budgets resulting from differences in the models themselves (i.e., model structure) and model-specific parameter values. An initial intercomparison of model structural differences is represented using hierarchical cluster diagrams (a.k.a. dendrograms), which highlight similarities and differences in how models account for carbon cycle, vegetation, energy, and nitrogen cycle dynamics. We show that, despite the standardized protocol used to derive initial conditions, models show a high degree of variation for GPP, total living biomass, and total soil carbon, underscoring the influence of differences in model structure and parameterization on model estimates.
引用
收藏
页码:2121 / 2133
页数:13
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