Probing the reaction kinetics of vinyl acetate free radical polymerization via living free radical polymerization (MADIX)

Living free radical polymerization technology (macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX)) was applied to give accesses to chain length and conversion dependent termination rate coefficients of vinyl acetate (VAc) at 80 degrees C using the MADIX agent 2-ethoxythiocarbonylsulfanyl-propionic acid methyl ester (EPAME). The kinetic data were verified and probed by simulations using the PREDICI (R) modelling package. The reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) chain length dependent termination (CLD-T) methodology can be applied using a monomer reaction order of unity, since VAc displays significantly lower monomer reaction orders than those observed in acrylate systems (omega(VAc, 80 degrees C) = 1.17 +/- 0.05). The observed monomer reaction order for VAc is assigned to chain length dependent termination and a low presence of transfer reactions. The a value for the chain length regime of log(i)= 1.25-3.25 (in the often employed expression k(t)(i,i) = k(t)(0-alpha)) reads 0.09 +/- 0.05 at low monomer to polymer conversion (10%) and increases significantly towards larger conversions (alpha=0.55 +/- 0.05 at 80%). Concomitantly with a lesser amount of midchain radicals, the chain length dependence of k(t) is significantly less pronounced in the VAc system than in the Corresponding acrylate systems under identical reaction conditions. The RAFT(MADIX)-CLD-T technique also allows for mapping of k(t) as a function of conversion at constant chain lengths. Similar to observations made earlier with methyl acrylate, the decrease of k(t) with conversion is more pronounced at increased chain lengths, with a strong decrease in k(t) exceeding two logarithmic units from 10 to 80% conversion at chain lengths exceeding 1800. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.