Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later

被引:544
作者
Griffiths, R. R. [1 ,2 ]
Richards, W. A. [3 ]
Johnson, M. W. [1 ]
McCann, U. D. [1 ]
Jesse, R. [4 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[3] Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA
[4] Council Spiritual Practices, San Francisco, CA USA
关键词
entheogen; hallucinogen; humans; mystical experience; psilocybin; psychedelic; religion; spiritual;
D O I
10.1177/0269881108094300
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Psilocybin has been used for centuries for religious purposes; however, little is known scientifically about its long-term effects. We previously reported the effects of a double-blind study evaluating the psychological effects of a high psilocybin dose. This report presents the 14-month follow-up and examines the relationship of the follow-up results to data obtained at screening and on drug session days. Participants were 36 hallucinogen-naive adults reporting regular participation in religious/spiritual activities. Oral psilocybin (30 mg/70 kg) was administered on one of two or three sessions, with methylphenidate (40 mg/70 kg) administered on the other session(s). During sessions, volunteers were encouraged to close their eyes and direct their attention inward. At the 14-month follow-up, 58% and 67%, respectively, of volunteers rated the psilocybin-occasioned experience as being among the five most personally meaningful and among the five most spiritually significant experiences of their lives; 64% indicated that the experience increased well-being or life satisfaction; 58% met criteria for having had a 'complete' mystical experience. Correlation and regression analyses indicated a central role of the mystical experience assessed on the session day in the high ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance at follow-up. Of the measures of personality, affect, quality of life and spirituality assessed across the study, only a scale measuring mystical experience showed a difference from screening. When administered under supportive conditions, psilocybin occasioned experiences similar to spontaneously occurring mystical experiences that, at 14-month follow-up, were considered by volunteers to be among the most personally meaningful and spiritually significant of their lives.
引用
收藏
页码:621 / 632
页数:12
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