Stoichiometric control in Bi4Ti3O12 synthesis by novel hybrid solid state reaction

The synthesis of bismuth titanate Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) is performed via a novel solid state reaction. The reaction is designed to control the stoichiometric content of the highly volatile element, i.e. Bi. The chemical route consists in trapping bismuth oxide colloids in a stabilized titanium based sol gel solution. The resulting colloidal-solution hybrid ink can be processed via various ceramic processes. After gelation of TiO2 in the sol-gel component the mixture reacts at high temperature (850 degrees C) to yield the BiT phase. The obtained material is c-axis oriented, and its lattice parameters, shrinkage and density matches the pure Bi4Ti3O12 phase. The sintered material exhibits enhanced higher dielectric constant (2 3 2) than usually reported for this phase. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.