Updated diagnosis and treatment of childhood tuberculosis

Childhood tuberculosis (TB) accounts for a significant proportion of the global tuberculosis disease burden. However, current and previous efforts to develop better diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on TB in adults, and childhood TB has been relatively neglected. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for childhood TB with an emphasis on intrathoracic disease. The literature from a range of sources was reviewed and synthesized to provide an overview of the contemporary approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood TB. This review summarizes the clinical, radiological, bacteriological, and immunological approaches to diagnose TB infection and disease in children. In addition, we summarize the updated guidelines for the treatment of TB in children. The development of better diagnostic and therapeutic methods for childhood TB remains a significant challenge. As the strategies for diagnosis and treatment of childhood TB continue to improve and the knowledge base increases, the implementation of these strategies will be crucial.