Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems

被引：355

作者：

Keith, David A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Rodriguez, Jon Paul ^{[3
,4
,5
,6
,7
]}

Rodriguez-Clark, Kathryn M. ^{[3
]}

Nicholson, Emily ^{[8
]}

Aapala, Kaisu ^{[9
]}

Alonso, Alfonso ^{[10
]}

Asmussen, Marianne ^{[3
,5
]}

Bachman, Steven ^{[11
]}

Basset, Alberto ^{[12
]}

Barrow, Edmund G. ^{[13
]}

Benson, John S. ^{[14
]}

Bishop, Melanie J. ^{[15
]}

Bonifacio, Ronald ^{[16
]}

Brooks, Thomas M. ^{[6
,7
,17
]}

Burgman, Mark A. ^{[18
]}

Comer, Patrick ^{[19
]}

Comin, Francisco A. ^{[20
]}

Essl, Franz ^{[21
,22
]}

Faber-Langendoen, Don ^{[17
]}

Fairweather, Peter G. ^{[23
]}

Holdaway, Robert J. ^{[24
]}

Jennings, Michael ^{[25
]}

Kingsford, Richard T. ^{[1
]}

Lester, Rebecca E. ^{[26
]}

Mac Nally, Ralph ^{[27
]}

McCarthy, Michael A. ^{[8
]}

Moat, Justin ^{[11
]}

Oliveira-Miranda, Maria A. ^{[4
]}

Pisanu, Phil ^{[16
]}

Poulin, Brigitte ^{[28
]}

Regan, Tracey J. ^{[8
]}

Riecken, Uwe ^{[29
]}

Spalding, Mark D. ^{[30
]}

Zambrano-Martinez, Sergio ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ New S Wales, Australian Wetlands Rivers & Landscapes Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[2] New South Wales Off Environm & Heritage, Hurstville, NSW, Australia

[3] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas, Venezuela

[4] Provita, Caracas, Venezuela

[5] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA

[6] IUCN Commiss Ecosyst Management, Gland, Switzerland

[7] IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Gland, Switzerland

[8] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia

[9] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland

[10] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA

[11] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond, England

[12] Univ Salento, Ecotekne Ctr, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Lecce, Italy

[13] IUCN Global Ecosyst Management Programme, Nairobi, Kenya

[14] Royal Bot Gardens Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[15] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia

[16] Sci Resource Ctr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[17] NatureServe, Arlington, VA USA

[18] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Assessment, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia

[19] NatureServe, Boulder, CO USA

[20] Pyrenean Inst Ecol, Zaragoza, Spain

[21] Environm Agcy Austria, Vienna, Austria

[22] Univ Vienna, Dept Conservat Biol Vegetat & Landscape Ecol, Vienna, Austria

[23] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia

[24] Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand

[25] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA

[26] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Warrnambool, Vic, Australia

[27] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Ctr Biodivers, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia

[28] Tour du Valat Res Ctr, Arles, France

[29] German Fed Agcy Nat Conservat, Bonn, Germany

[30] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Nat Conservancy & Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge, England

来源：

PLOS ONE | 2013年 / 8卷 / 05期

关键词：

EXTINCTION RISK; RELATIVE RESILIENCE; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; GLOBAL SYNTHESIS; PLANT DIVERSITY; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THREAT STATUS; CORAL-REEFS; CONSERVATION;

D O I：

10.1371/journal.pone.0062111

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

An understanding of risks to biodiversity is needed for planning action to slow current rates of decline and secure ecosystem services for future human use. Although the IUCN Red List criteria provide an effective assessment protocol for species, a standard global assessment of risks to higher levels of biodiversity is currently limited. In 2008, IUCN initiated development of risk assessment criteria to support a global Red List of ecosystems. We present a new conceptual model for ecosystem risk assessment founded on a synthesis of relevant ecological theories. To support the model, we review key elements of ecosystem definition and introduce the concept of ecosystem collapse, an analogue of species extinction. The model identifies four distributional and functional symptoms of ecosystem risk as a basis for assessment criteria: A) rates of decline in ecosystem distribution; B) restricted distributions with continuing declines or threats; C) rates of environmental (abiotic) degradation; and D) rates of disruption to biotic processes. A fifth criterion, E) quantitative estimates of the risk of ecosystem collapse, enables integrated assessment of multiple processes and provides a conceptual anchor for the other criteria. We present the theoretical rationale for the construction and interpretation of each criterion. The assessment protocol and threat categories mirror those of the IUCN Red List of species. A trial of the protocol on terrestrial, subterranean, freshwater and marine ecosystems from around the world shows that its concepts are workable and its outcomes are robust, that required data are available, and that results are consistent with assessments carried out by local experts and authorities. The new protocol provides a consistent, practical and theoretically grounded framework for establishing a systematic Red List of the world's ecosystems. This will complement the Red List of species and strengthen global capacity to report on and monitor the status of biodiversity

引用

页数：25

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