A zero dimensional simulation model for HSDI diesel engines for predicting NOx, spray and swirl formation

The paper gives details of an existing and well proven simulation code for HSDI diesel engine performance prediction which has been extended to include features normally associated with more complex quasi- or multi dimensional models such as: i) A NOx prediction model, which does not require prior detailed spatial definition of combustion zones within the fuel spray. ii) A series of inter related spray models, the first using part of the output of the NOx model, the second involving a phenomenological model, which uses injection conditions as primary input, and the third a model for spray deflection by combustion bowl swirl. iii) A simple model for predicting combustion bowl swirl both under motoring and firing conditions. Partial validation of the extended program against experimental results from in-house tests on a typical HSDI engine is included; more extensive validation will be reported in a later paper.