Optimizing the Timing and Technique of Treacher Collins Orbital Malar Reconstruction

The optimal timing and treatment of Treacher Collins syndrome with regard to zygomatico-orbital osseous reconstruction has not been fully established. Osseous reconstruction performed at an early age may result in bone graft resorption; however, delays in surgical improvement may result in adverse psychosocial effects on the patient. To study the optimal age for reconstruction clinically, we examined 3 age groups based on timing of malar and eyelid reconstruction using a three-dimensional computed tomographic scan and three-dimensional photometric volume assessment. In addition, we collected outcome assessments from parents/patients using satisfaction surveys. Of 73 patients with Treacher Collins at the University of California Los Angeles Craniofacial Clinic, 45 had malar reconstruction, complete records, and were available for study. The patients were separated into 3 groups: (1) very young = 0 to 5 years, (2) mid-childhood = 6 to 12 years, and (3) adolescent/adult 13 years and older. As hypothesized, the 0 to 5 age group experienced the greatest percentage of complete bony resorption (77%) compared with the 6 to 12 age group (only 4%) and the 13 and older age group (0%). Interestingly, the 0 to 5 age group experienced the highest parent/patient satisfaction, possibly owing to better psychosocial experience. When dealing with treatment plans for patients with Treacher Collins, patients, parents, and physicians must balance the benefits of early surgical intervention, such as improved psychologic well-being, with the disadvantages of having to undergo a greater number of procedures, such as fat grafting after malar bone graft resorption.