Sparse Controllable Adaptive Array Beamforming with Improved Array Element Utilization

An l(0)-norm constrained normalized LMS algorithm (L-0-CNLMS) is proposed to implement sparse controllable adaptive antenna array beamforming. The proposed L-0-CNLMS algorithm exerts an l(0)-norm penalty on the filter coefficients based on the constrained NLMS (CNLMS) algorithm, which aims to put the solution towards sparsity. By introducing the l(0)-norm constraint into the quantities of antenna elements in using, the beam of the array can be controlled to a certain degree. To reduce the computation burden, an approximating l(0)-norm realization method is utilized. The simulation experiments are created to prove that the L-0-CNLMS algorithm is effective in sparse adaptive array beamforming as well as controlling the amount of antenna elements.