Nanometer-level comparison of three spindle error motion separation techniques

This work demonstrates the state of the art capabilities of three error separation techniques for nanometer-level measurement of precision spindles and rotationally-symmetric artifacts. Donaldson reversal is compared to a multi-probe and a multi-step technique using a series of measurements carried out on a precision aerostatic spindle with a lapped spherical artifact. The results indicate that subnanometer features in both spindle error motion and artifact form are reliably resolved by all three techniques furthermore, the numerical error values agree to better than one nanometer The paper discusses several issues that must be considered when planning spindle or artifact measurements at the nanometer level.