Association between glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes mellitus, and preoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty: a retrospective study

Background To investigate the association between the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and that between diabetes mellitus (DM) and preoperative DVT in patient undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods A total of 1386 patients were enrolled. We created the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of HbA1c, and based on the cutoff value, patients were divided into two groups. Risk factors were subsequently examined. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was adopted for enumeration data. The results were expressed in percentages (%), and DVT-related variates were analyzed. We included the variates that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis and calculated the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Preoperative DVT was 100 cases (7.22%) and DM in 301 cases (21.7%). We determined the cutoff value of HbA1c of 6.15% using the ROC curve as the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.548. Univariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of preoperative DVT in TJA patients with HbA1c >= 6.15%, HbA1c between 7 and 7.9%, HbA1c >= 8%, DM, female, and major surgery in the last 12 months increased by 1.84 (P = 0.005; 95% CI [1.20-2.80]), 2.22 (P = 0.028, 95% CI [1.09-4.52]), 2.47 (P = 0.013, 95% CI [1.21-5.04]), 2.03 (P = 0.004, 95% CI [1.25-3.30]); 1.85 (P = 0.010, 95% CI [1.16-2.95]); and 2.86 times (P = 0.006, 95% CI [1.35-6.05]), respectively. And multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of preoperative DVT in TJA patients with HbA1c >= 6.15%, HbA1c between 7 and 7.9%, HbA1c >= 8%, DM patients, female patients, and major surgery in the last 12 months increased by 1.77 (P = 0.009, 95% CI [1.16-2.72]); 2.10 (P = 0.043, 95% CI [1.02-4.30]); 2.50 (P = 0.013, 95% CI [1.22-5.14]); 2.01 (P = 0.005, 95% CI [1.23-3.28]); 1.80 (P = 0.014, 95% CI [1.13-2.89]); and 3.04 times (P = 0.004, 95% CI [1.42-6.49]), respectively. Conclusion We conclude that HbA1c >= 6.15%, DM, female and major surgery in the last 12 months are the independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in patients undergoing TJA. And patients with a higher HbA1c level are at an increased risk of preoperative DVT. Trial registration: ChiCRT2100054844.