Layered Optimization for Low- Carbon Energy Traffic Systems Based on Dynamic Hydrogen Price

In this paper, a layered optimization strategy is put forward to realize the low-carbon and economic operation of energy-traffic systems based on dynamic hydrogen price. Firstly, a dynamic hydrogen price mechanism related to the share of renewable energy in the energy supply is proposed and introduced into the distributed energy station (DES) optimization, which will promote hydrogen generation using renewable power and reduce the DES construction and operation cost. Based on the dynamic hydrogen price optimized by DESs and the traffic condition on roads, a minimum cost path (MCP) can be selected by the raised user-centric path optimization method for hydrogen fuel vehicles (HVs) to refuel from the DES with low-cost and/or low-carbon hydrogen. Finally, the simulations verify the feasibility of the raised optimization strategy.