Literature review of international mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor use in the non-surgical management of haemodynamically significant cardiac rhabdomyomas

Cardiac rhabdomyomas represent the most common primary paediatric cardiac tumour and typically regresses over time in the majority of patients. Among those who are symptomatic, surgical resection or catheterisation procedures have traditionally proven effective. More recently, those invasive or challenging tumours have been successfully treated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, typically everolimus and sirolimus. This review outlines the current medical literature of the state-of-the-art medical treatment of these tumours. We specifically focus on dosing regimens, duration of therapy, and side-effect profiles of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors among this population. Although the majority of cases responded to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, standardised guidelines for dosing and duration of treatment remain to be defined.