Molecular mechanisms of external genitalia development

被引：103

作者：

Blaschko, Sarah D. ^{[1
]}

Cunha, Gerald R. ^{[1
]}

Baskin, Laurence S. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA

来源：

DIFFERENTIATION | 2012年 / 84卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

External genitalia; Development; Hypospadias; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-3; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PARENTAL OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; ANOGENITAL DISTANCE; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; MUTATION ANALYSIS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.diff.2012.06.003

中图分类号：

Q2 [细胞生物学];

学科分类号：

071009 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

External genitalia development occurs through a combination of hormone independent, hormone dependent, and endocrine pathways. Perturbation of these pathways can lead to abnormal external genitalia development. We review human and animal mechanisms of normal and abnormal external genitalia development, and we evaluate abnormal mechanisms that lead to hypospadias. We also discuss recent laboratory findings that further our understanding of animal models of hypospadias. Copyright (c) 2012 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：261 / 268

页数：8

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