The validity and reliability of the Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) in healthy subjects and in Parkinson's disease patients

被引：30

作者：

Maremmani, Carlo ^{[15
]}

Rossi, Giuseppe ^{[1
]}

Tambasco, Nicola ^{[2
]}

Fattori, Bruno ^{[3
]}

Pieroni, Aldo ^{[4
]}

Ramat, Silvia ^{[5
]}

Napolitano, Alessandro ^{[6
]}

Vanni, Paola ^{[7
]}

Serra, Palma ^{[8
]}

Piersanti, Patrizia ^{[8
]}

Zanetti, Michela ^{[9
]}

Coltelli, Maila ^{[9
]}

Orsini, Massimo ^{[10
]}

Marconi, Roberto ^{[11
]}

Purcaro, Carlo ^{[13
,14
]}

Rossi, Aroldo ^{[2
]}

Calabresi, Paolo ^{[2
,12
]}

Meco, Giuseppe ^{[13
,14
]}

机构：

[1] Ist Fisiol Clin CNR, Unita Epidemiol & Biostat, Pisa, Italy

[2] Univ Perugia, Neurol Clin, I-06100 Perugia, Italy

[3] Univ Pisa, Unita Otorinolaringoiatria, Pisa, Italy

[4] Asl 1 Massa Carrara, Unita Operat Educ & Promoz Salute, Massa, Italy

[5] Univ Florence, Ist Neurol Clin 1, Florence, Italy

[6] Asl 2 Lucca, Unita Operat Neurol, Lucca, Italy

[7] Asl 10 Firenze, Unita Operat Neurol, Florence, Italy

[8] Asl 4 Prato, Unita Operat Neurol, Prato, Italy

[9] Asl 1 Massa Carrara, Unita Operat Psicol, Carrara, Italy

[10] Asl 6 Livorno, Unita Operat Neurol, Livorno, Italy

[11] Asl 9 Grosseto, Unita Operat Neurol, Grosseto, Italy

[12] IRCCS Fdn S Lucia, Rome, Italy

[13] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ctr Malattia Parkinson, Rome, Italy

[14] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ctr Ric Malattie Sociali, Dipartimento Neurol & Psichiatria, Rome, Italy

[15] Asl 1 Massa Carrara, Unita Operat Neurol, Carrara, Italy

来源：

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS | 2012年 / 18卷 / 06期

关键词：

Italian Olfactory Identification Test; Smell identification test; Parkinson's disease; ODOR-IDENTIFICATION; SNIFFIN STICKS; DISCRIMINATION; DIAGNOSIS; DEFICITS; SENSE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.03.021

中图分类号：

R74 [神经病学与精神病学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Background: Olfactory function can be rapidly evaluated by means of standardized olfactory tests. Multiple-choice smell identification tests can be conditioned by cultural background. To investigate a new tool for detecting olfactory deficit in Italian subjects we developed a multiple-choice identification test prepared with odorants belonging to the Italian culture. Methods: The Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) was developed with 33 microencapsulated odorants with intensity of odors and headspace Gas Chromatography being tested. Test-retest reliability of the IOIT was evaluated. The IOIT was administered to 511 controls and 133 Parkinson's patients. Results: In healthy subjects the number of 10IT errors increased with age for both females (p < 0.0001) and males (p < 0.0001), while in the Parkinson's disease group the number of IOIT errors was significantly greater where compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.0001 in all age groups). The reference limits applied to all age groups revealed an IOIT sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 99%. The test-retest reliability was excellent. Conclusion: The IOIT is highly reliable, disposable, easy to administer, not fragile, and has a long shelf-life. All these features make the IOIT suitable for clinical use as well as for population screening and to discriminate Parkinson's patients from healthy subjects. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：788 / 793

页数：6

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