Consideration of older patients for enrollment in phase 1 clinical trials: Exploring treatment related toxicities and outcomes

Objectives. Age imposes a disparity in the treatment of and outcomes with gynecologic cancer. Older patients are underrepresented in primary treatment trials, but little is known about their ability to withstand trial-based treatment for recurrent or refractory disease. This study sought to examine treatment-related toxicities and outcomes of older versus younger patients participating in phase 1 clinical trials. Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in phase 1 clinical trials for gynecologic malignancies from 2010 to 2016 was performed. Demographic and clinic-pathologic data was abstracted. Toxicities were defined as either grade III or IV by CTCAE criteria. Best response was calculated using RECIST criteria. Associations between categorical variables were determined using Fisher's exact test and continuous variables using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. 237 patients were included with 22% (n = 51) comprising the older cohort (>= 70 years). The vast majority (98%) were treated for recurrent disease. Older patients incurred similar grade III/IV hematologic (21% vs 16%, p = 0.38) and non-hematologic toxicities (26% vs 29%, p = 0.64). Older patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity only 8% of the time. Median survival was 13.0 and 103 months in the <70 and >= 70 groups, respectively (p = 035). 63% of patients >= 70 achieved clinical benefit. Conclusions. Although historically older patients have not been routinely considered for enrollment in phase 1 trials, our data demonstrates similar toxicity profiles to that of younger patients and 63% clinical benefit rate. Thus, with careful selection, patients >= 70 should be considered when facing recurrent or refractory gynecologic cancer. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.