MAGIC detection of short-term variability of the high-peaked BL Lac object lES 0806+524

被引:26
作者
Aleksic, J. [1 ]
Ansoldi, S. [2 ,3 ]
Antonelli, L. A. [4 ]
Antoranz, P. [5 ,6 ]
Babic, A. [7 ,8 ,9 ]
Bangale, P. [9 ]
Barrio, J. A. [10 ]
Becerra Gonzalez, J. [11 ,46 ,47 ,48 ]
Bednarek, W. [12 ]
Bernardini, E. [13 ]
Biasuzzi, B. [2 ,3 ]
Biland, A. [14 ]
Blanch, O. [1 ]
Bonnefoy, S. [10 ]
Bonnoli, G. [4 ]
Borracci, F. [9 ]
Bretz, T. [15 ,49 ]
Carmona, E. [16 ]
Carosi, A. [4 ]
Colin, P. [9 ]
Colombo, E. [11 ]
Contreras, J. L. [10 ]
Cortina, J. [1 ]
Covino, S. [4 ]
Da Vela, P. [5 ,6 ]
Dazzi, F. [9 ]
De Angelis, A. [2 ,3 ]
De Caneva, G. [13 ]
De Lotto, B. [2 ,3 ]
de Ona Wilhelmi, E. [17 ]
Delgado Mendez, C. [16 ]
Di Pierro, F. [4 ]
Prester, D. Dominis [7 ,8 ]
Dorner, D. [15 ]
Doro, M. [18 ,19 ]
Einecke, S. [20 ]
Eisenacher, D. [15 ]
Elsaesser, D. [15 ]
Fernandez-Barral, A. [1 ]
Fidalgo, D. [10 ]
Fonseca, M. V. [10 ]
Font, L. [21 ,22 ]
Frantzen, K. [20 ]
Fruck, C. [9 ]
Galindo, D. [23 ]
Garcia Lopez, R. J. [11 ]
Garczarczyk, M. [13 ]
Garrido Terrats, D. [21 ,22 ]
Gaug, M. [21 ,22 ]
Godinovic, N. [7 ,8 ]
机构
[1] IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[2] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[3] INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[4] INAF Natl Inst Astrophys, I-00136 Rome, Italy
[5] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[6] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[7] Univ Rijeka, Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Croatian MAGIC Consortium, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
[8] Univ Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
[9] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany
[10] Univ Complutense Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[11] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain
[12] Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland
[13] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[14] ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[15] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
[16] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[17] Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[18] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[19] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[20] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
[21] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Unitat Fis Radiac, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[22] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CERES IEEC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[23] Univ Barcelona, ICC, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
[24] KEK, Dept Phys, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Tokyo, Japan
[25] Univ Tokyo, Tokai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr,Univ Tokushima,ICRR, Tokyo 1138654, Japan
[26] Univ Turku, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observ, SF-20500 Turku, Finland
[27] Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, SF-90100 Oulu, Finland
[28] Inst Nucl Energy Res, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
[29] INAF Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
[30] Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[31] INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[32] ISDC Sci Data Ctr Astrophys, CH-1290 Geneva, Switzerland
[33] ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[34] Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[35] Univ Insubria, I-22100 Como, Como, Italy
[36] INFN Milano Bicocca, I-22100 Como, Como, Italy
[37] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[38] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA
[39] INAF IRA Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
[40] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy
[41] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Rome, Italy
[42] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, FI-02540 Kylmala, Finland
[43] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[44] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA
[45] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
[46] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[47] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[48] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[49] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
[50] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
基金
芬兰科学院;
关键词
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; galaxies: active-BL; Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 0806+524; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; LACERTAE OBJECTS; PKS; 2155-304; CRAB-NEBULA; EMISSION; FERMI; DISCOVERY; RADIATION;
D O I
10.1093/mnras/stv895
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The high-frequency-peaked BL Lac (HBL) 1ES 0806+524 (z = 0.138) was discovered in very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays in 2008. Until now, the broad-band spectrum of lES 0806+524 has been only poorly characterized, in particular at high energies. We analysed multiwave-length observations from gamma-rays to radio performed from 2011 January to March, which were triggered by the high activity detected at optical frequencies. These observations constitute the most precise determination of the broad-band emission of ES 0806+524 to date. The stereoscopic Major Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) observations yielded a gamma-ray signal above 250 GeV of (3.7 +/- 0.7) per cent of the Crab Nebula flux with a statistical significance of 9.9a. The multiwavelength observations showed significant variability in essentially all energy bands, including a VHE gamma-ray flare that lasted less than one night, which provided unprecedented evidence for short-term variability in lES 0806+524. The spectrum of this flare is well described by a power law with a photon index of 2.97 +/- 0.29 between similar to 150 GeV and 1 TeV and an integral flux of (9.3 +/- 1.9) per cent of the Crab nebula flux above 250 GeV. The spectrum during the non-flaring VHE activity is compatible with the only available VHE observation performed in 2008 with VERITAS when the source was in a low optical state. The broad-band spectral energy distribution can be described with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model with parameters typical for HBLs, indicating that lES 0806+524 is not substantially different from the HBLs previously detected.
引用
收藏
页码:739 / 750
页数:12
相关论文
共 78 条
[1]   DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY RADIATION FROM THE BL LAC 1ES 0806+524 [J].
Acciari, V. ;
Aliu, E. ;
Arlen, T. ;
Bautista, M. ;
Beilicke, M. ;
Benbow, W. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Bradbury, S. M. ;
Buckley, J. H. ;
Bugaev, V. ;
Butt, Y. ;
Byrum, K. ;
Cannon, A. ;
Celik, O. ;
Cesarini, A. ;
Chow, Y. C. ;
Ciupik, L. ;
Cogan, P. ;
Colin, P. ;
Cui, W. ;
Dickherber, R. ;
Duke, C. ;
Ergin, T. ;
Falcone, A. ;
Fegan, S. J. ;
Finley, J. P. ;
Finnegan, G. ;
Fortin, P. ;
Fortson, L. ;
Furniss, A. ;
Gall, D. ;
Gibbs, K. ;
Gillanders, G. H. ;
Grube, J. ;
Guenette, R. ;
Gyuk, G. ;
Hanna, D. ;
Hays, E. ;
Holder, J. ;
Horan, D. ;
Hui, C. M. ;
Humensky, T. B. ;
Imran, A. ;
Kaaret, P. ;
Karlsson, N. ;
Kertzman, M. ;
Kieda, D. ;
Kildea, J. ;
Konopelko, A. ;
Krawczynski, H. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2009, 690 (02) :L126-L129
[2]   THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE ON ORBIT: EVENT CLASSIFICATION, INSTRUMENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS, AND CALIBRATION [J].
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Albert, A. ;
Allafort, A. ;
Atwood, W. B. ;
Axelsson, M. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Bechtol, K. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bogart, J. R. ;
Bonamente, E. ;
Borgland, A. W. ;
Bottacini, E. ;
Bouvier, A. ;
Brandt, T. J. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brigida, M. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Burnett, T. H. ;
Buson, S. ;
Caliandro, G. A. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Casandjian, J. M. ;
Cavazzuti, E. ;
Cecchi, C. ;
Celik, O. ;
Charles, E. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chekhtman, A. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiang, J. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Claus, R. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Corbet, R. ;
Cutini, S. ;
D'Ammando, F. ;
Davis, D. S. ;
de Angelis, A. ;
DeKlotz, M. ;
de Palma, F. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2012, 203 (01)
[3]   An exceptional very high energy gamma-ray flare of PKS 2155-304 [J].
Aharonian, F. ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Bazer-Bachi, A. R. ;
Behera, B. ;
Beilicke, M. ;
Benbow, W. ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolz, O. ;
Borrel, V. ;
Boutelier, T. ;
Braun, I. ;
Brion, E. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Buesching, I. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Carrigan, S. ;
Chadwick, P. M. ;
Clapson, A. C. ;
Chounet, L.-M. ;
Coignet, G. ;
Cornils, R. ;
Costamante, L. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Dickinson, H. J. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Domainko, W. ;
Drury, L. O'C. ;
Dubus, G. ;
Dyks, J. ;
Egberts, K. ;
Emmanoulopoulos, D. ;
Espigat, P. ;
Farnier, C. ;
Feinstein, F. ;
Fiasson, A. ;
Foerster, A. ;
Fontaine, G. ;
Funk, Seb. ;
Funk, S. ;
Fuessling, M. ;
Gallant, Y. A. ;
Giebels, B. ;
Glicenstein, J. F. ;
Glueck, B. ;
Goret, P. ;
Hadjichristidis, C. ;
Hauser, D. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2007, 664 (02) :L71-L74
[4]   Observations of 54 active galactic nuclei with the HEGRA system of Cherenkov telescopes [J].
Aharonian, F ;
Akhperjanian, A ;
Beilicke, M ;
Bernlöhr, K ;
Börst, HG ;
Bojahr, H ;
Bolz, O ;
Coarasa, T ;
Contreras, JL ;
Cortina, J ;
Denninghoff, S ;
Fonseca, V ;
Girma, M ;
Götting, N ;
Heinzelmann, G ;
Hermann, G ;
Heusler, A ;
Hofmann, W ;
Horns, D ;
Jung, I ;
Kankanyan, R ;
Kestel, M ;
Mang, O ;
Mazin, D ;
Meyer, H ;
Mirzoyan, R ;
Moralejo, A ;
Ona-Wilhelmi, E ;
Panter, M ;
Plyasheshnikov, A ;
Pühlhofer, G ;
de los Reyes, R ;
Rhode, W ;
Ripken, J ;
Rowell, G ;
Sahakian, V ;
Samorski, M ;
Schilling, M ;
Siems, M ;
Sobzynska, D ;
Stamm, W ;
Tluczykont, M ;
Vitale, V ;
Völk, HJ ;
Wiedner, CA ;
Wittek, W .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2004, 421 (02) :529-537
[5]   SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF PKS 2155-304 WITH HESS, FERMI, RXTE, AND ATOM: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND VARIABILITY IN A LOW STATE [J].
Aharonian, F. ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Anton, G. ;
de Almeida, U. Barres ;
Bazer-Bachi, A. R. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Behera, B. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bochow, A. ;
Borrel, V. ;
Brion, E. ;
Brucker, J. ;
Brun, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Buesching, I. ;
Boutelier, T. ;
Chadwick, P. M. ;
Charbonnier, A. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Cheesebrough, A. ;
Chounet, L. M. ;
Clapson, A. C. ;
Coignet, G. ;
Dalton, M. ;
Daniel, M. K. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Dickinson, H. J. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Domainko, W. ;
Drury, L. O. C. ;
Dubois, F. ;
Dubus, G. ;
Dyks, J. ;
Dyrda, M. ;
Egberts, K. ;
Emmanoulopoulos, D. ;
Espigat, P. ;
Farnier, C. ;
Feinstein, F. ;
Fiasson, F. ;
Foerster, A. ;
Fontaine, G. ;
Fuessling, M. ;
Gabici, S. ;
Gallant, Y. A. ;
Gerard, L. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2009, 696 (02) :L150-L155
[6]   Very-high-energy gamma rays from a distant quasar:: How transparent is the universe? [J].
Albert, J. ;
Aliu, E. ;
Anderhub, H. ;
Antonelli, L. A. ;
Antoranz, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Baixeras, C. ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Bartko, H. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Becker, J. K. ;
Bednarek, W. ;
Berger, K. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bigongiari, C. ;
Biland, A. ;
Bock, R. K. ;
Bonnoli, G. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bosch-Ramon, V. ;
Bretz, T. ;
Britvitch, I. ;
Camara, M. ;
Carmona, E. ;
Chilingarian, A. ;
Commichau, S. ;
Contreras, J. L. ;
Cortina, J. ;
Costado, M. T. ;
Covino, S. ;
Curtef, V. ;
Dazzi, F. ;
De Angelis, A. ;
De Cea del Pozo, E. ;
de los Reyes, R. ;
De Lotto, B. ;
De Maria, M. ;
De Sabata, F. ;
Delgado Mendez, C. ;
Dominguez, A. ;
Dorner, D. ;
Doro, M. ;
Errando, M. ;
Fagiolini, M. ;
Ferenc, D. ;
Fernandez, E. ;
Firpo, R. ;
Fonseca, M. V. ;
Font, L. ;
Galante, N. .
SCIENCE, 2008, 320 (5884) :1752-1754
[7]   Systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emission from X-ray-bright high-frequency BL Lac objects [J].
Albert, J. ;
Aliu, E. ;
Anderhub, H. ;
Antoranz, P. ;
Baixeras, C. ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Bartko, H. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Becker, J. K. ;
Bednarek, W. ;
Berger, K. ;
Bigongiari, C. ;
Biland, A. ;
Bock, R. K. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bosch-Ramon, V. ;
Bretz, T. ;
Britvitch, I. ;
Camara, M. ;
Carmona, E. ;
Chilingarian, A. ;
Coarasa, J. A. ;
Commichau, S. ;
Contreras, J. L. ;
Cortina, J. ;
Costado, M. T. ;
Curtef, V. ;
Danielyan, V. ;
Dazzi, F. ;
De Angelis, A. ;
Delgado, C. ;
de los Reyes, R. ;
De Lotto, B. ;
Dorner, D. ;
Doro, M. ;
Errando, M. ;
Fagiolini, M. ;
Ferenc, D. ;
Fernandez, E. ;
Firpo, R. ;
Fonseca, M. V. ;
Font, L. ;
Fuchs, M. ;
Galante, N. ;
Garcia-Lopez, R. J. ;
Garczarczyk, M. ;
Gaug, M. ;
Giller, M. ;
Goebel, F. ;
Hakobyan, D. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2008, 681 (02) :944-953
[8]   Implementation of the Random Forest method for the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope MAGIC [J].
Albert, J. ;
Aliu, E. ;
Anderhub, H. ;
Antoranz, P. ;
Armada, A. ;
Asensio, M. ;
Baixeras, C. ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Bartko, H. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Becker, J. ;
Bednarek, W. ;
Berger, K. ;
Bigongiari, C. ;
Biland, A. ;
Bock, R. K. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bosch-Ramon, V. ;
Bretz, T. ;
Britvitch, I. ;
Camara, M. ;
Carmona, E. ;
Chilingarian, A. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Coarasa, J. A. ;
Commichau, S. ;
Contreras, J. L. ;
Cortina, J. ;
Costado, M. T. ;
Curtef, V. ;
Danielyan, V. ;
Dazzi, F. ;
De Angelis, A. ;
Delgado, C. ;
de los Reyes, R. ;
De Lotto, B. ;
Domingo-Santamaria, E. ;
Dorner, D. ;
Doro, M. ;
Errando, M. ;
Fagiolini, M. ;
Ferenc, D. ;
Fernandez, E. ;
Firpo, R. ;
Flix, J. ;
Fonseca, M. V. ;
Font, L. ;
Fuchs, M. ;
Galante, N. ;
Garcia-Lopez, R. J. .
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2008, 588 (03) :424-432
[9]   VHE γ-ray observation of the Crab Nebula and its pulsar with the MAGIC telescope [J].
Albert, J. ;
Aliu, E. ;
Anderhub, H. ;
Antoranz, P. ;
Armada, A. ;
Baixeras, C. ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Bartko, H. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Becker, J. K. ;
Bednarek, W. ;
Berger, K. ;
Bigongiari, C. ;
Biland, A. ;
Bock, R. K. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bosch-Ramon, V. ;
Bretz, T. ;
Britvitch, I. ;
Camara, M. ;
Carmona, E. ;
Chilingarian, A. ;
Coarasa, J. A. ;
Commichau, S. ;
Contreras, J. L. ;
Cortina, J. ;
Costado, M. T. ;
Curtef, V. ;
Danielyan, V. ;
Dazzi, F. ;
De Angelis, A. ;
Delgado, C. ;
de los Reyes, R. ;
De Lotto, B. ;
Domingo-Santamaria, E. ;
Dorner, D. ;
Doro, M. ;
Errando, M. ;
Fagiolini, M. ;
Ferenc, D. ;
Fernandez, E. ;
Firpo, R. ;
Flix, J. ;
Fonseca, M. V. ;
Font, L. ;
Fuchs, M. ;
Galante, N. ;
Garcia-Lopez, R. ;
Garczarczyk, M. ;
Gaug, M. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2008, 674 (02) :1037-1055
[10]   Unfolding of differential energy spectra in the MAGIC experiment [J].
Albert, J. ;
Aliu, E. ;
Anderhub, H. ;
Antoranz, P. ;
Armada, A. ;
Asensio, M. ;
Baixeras, C. ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Bartko, H. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Becker, J. ;
Bednarek, W. ;
Berger, K. ;
Bigongiari, C. ;
Biland, A. ;
Bock, R. K. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bosch-Ramon, V. ;
Bretz, T. ;
Britvitch, I. ;
Camara, M. ;
Carmona, E. ;
Chilingarian, A. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Coarasa, J. A. ;
Commichau, S. ;
Contreras, J. L. ;
Cortina, J. ;
Costado, M. T. ;
Curtef, V. ;
Danielyan, V. ;
Dazzi, F. ;
De Angelis, A. ;
Delgado, C. ;
Reyes, R. de los ;
De Lotto, B. ;
Domingo-Santamaria, E. ;
Dorner, D. ;
Doro, M. ;
Errando, M. ;
Fagiolini, M. ;
Ferenc, D. ;
Fernandez, E. ;
Firpo, R. ;
Flix, J. ;
Fonseca, M. V. ;
Font, L. ;
Fuchs, M. ;
Galante, N. ;
Garcia-Lopez, R. J. .
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2007, 583 (2-3) :494-506