Optical rogue waves in the generalized inhomogeneous higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation with modulating coefficients

Higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects (alias the perturbation terms) such as third-order dispersion, self-steepening, and the self-frequency shift play important roles in the study of ultra-short optical pulse propagation. We consider optical rogue wave solutions and interactions for the generalized higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation with space-and time-modulated parameters. An appropriate transformation is presented to reduce the generalized higher-order NLS equation to an integrable Hirota equation with constant coefficients. This transformation allows us to relate a certain class of exact solutions of the generalized higher-order NLS equation to the variety of solutions of the integrable Hirota equation. In particular, we illustrate the approach in terms of the two lowest-order rational solutions of the Hirota equation as seeding functions, to generate rogue wave solutions localized in time that have complicated evolution in space, with or without the differential gain or loss term. We simply analyze the physical mechanisms of the obtained optical rogue waves on the basis of these constraints. Finally, the stability of the obtained rogue wave solutions is addressed numerically. The obtained rogue wave solutions may raise the possibility of related experiments and potential applications in nonlinear optics and other fields of nonlinear science, such as Bose-Einstein condensates and ocean waves.