Applications of integrated sensing and processing in spectroscopic imaging and sensing

Integrated sensing and processing (ISP) encompasses the use of optical computing and adapted excitation signals to physically implement chemometric calculations in spectroscopic sensors for imaging. As data sets become larger and more complex with each emerging generation of hyperspectral imagers, the 'pixel-to-pupil' ratio increases at a rate faster than computing power can accommodate. In response to the need for faster and more efficient methods of processing, many analog solutions to the problem of high data dimensionality have emerged. The successful development of ISP has strong implications for military imaging, biosensing, spectroscopic imaging, and pharmaceutical process analytical technology (PAT). ISP developments in spectroscopy and PAT have emerged as alternatives to conventional Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), near-infrared (NIR), IR, UV-visible, fluorescence, Raman, and acoustic-resonance spectrometry (ARS). Flourishing applications of ISP have demonstrated predictive ability equivalent to conventional approaches for sample differentiation and analyte quantification, in only a fraction of the time required for traditional spectrometric measurements. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.