Scalar and vector spherical harmonic spectral equations of rotating magnetohydrodynamics

Vector spherical harmonic analyses have been used effectively to solve laminar and mean-field magnetohydrodynamic dynamo problems with product interactions, such as magnetic induction, anisotropic alpha-effect and anisotropic magnetic diffusion, that are difficult to analyse spectrally in spherical geometries. Spectral forms of the non-linear rotating, Boussinesq and anelastic, momentum, magnetic induction and heat equations are derived for spherical geometries from vector spherical harmonic expansions of the velocity, magnetic induction, vorticity, electrical current and gravitational acceleration and from scalar spherical harmonic expansions of the pressure and temperature. By combining the vector spherical harmonic spectral forms of the momentum equation and the magnetic induction equation with poloidal-toroidal representations of the velocity and the magnetic field, non-linear spherical harmonic spectral equations are also derived for the poloidal-toroidal potentials of the velocity or the momentum density in the anelastic approximation and the magnetic field. Both compact and spectral interaction expansion forms are given. Vector spherical harmonic spectral forms of the linearized rotating magnetic induction, momentum and heat equations for a general basic state can be obtained by linearizing the corresponding non-linear spectral equations. Similarly, the spherical harmonic spectral equations for the poloidal-toroidal potentials of the velocity and the magnetic field may be linearized. However, for computational applications, new alternative hybrid linearized spectral equations are derived. The algorithmically simpler hybrid equations depend on vector spherical harmonic expansions of the velocity, magnetic field, vorticity, electrical current and gravitational acceleration of the basic state and scalar spherical harmonic expansions of the poloidal-toroidal potentials of the perturbation velocity, magnetic field and temperature. The spectral equations derived herein may be combined with the corresponding spectral forms of anisotropic diffusion terms.