Body temperature and in-hospital mortality in trauma patients: analysis of a nationwide trauma database in Japan

Purpose Avoiding body temperature (BT) abnormalities has been emphasized in trauma care, and BT correction in the initial treatment period may improve patient outcome. However, the effect of hyperthermia at hospital arrival on mortality in trauma patients is unclear. This study aimed to identify the association between BT and in-hospital mortality among adult trauma patients. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of a multi-centre prospective cohort study. Data were obtained from the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB). Adult trauma patients who were transferred directly from the scene of injury to the hospital and registered in the JTDB between January 2004 and December 2017 were included. The primary outcome was the association between BT at hospital arrival and in-hospital mortality. BT at hospital arrival was classified by 1 degrees C strata. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for in-hospital mortality for each BT group using 36.0-36.9 degrees C as a reference. Results Overall, 153,117 patients were included. The total mortality rate was 7% (n = 10,118). The adjusted OR for in-hospital mortality for < 35.0 degrees C was 1.65 (95% CI 1.51-1.79,p < 0.001), 35.0-35.9 degrees C was 1.33 (95% CI 1.25-1.41,p < 0.001), 37.0-37.9 degrees C was 0.99 (95% CI 0.91-1.07,p = 0.639), 38.0-38.9 degrees C was 1.30 (95% CI 1.08-1.56,p = 0.007) and > 39.0 degrees C was 1.62 (95% CI 1.18-2.22,p = 0.003) compared to that for normothermia. Conclusions Our results reveal that hypothermia and hyperthermia at hospital arrival are associated with increased in-hospital mortality in adult trauma patients.