Comparison of Different Hydraulic Fracturing Scenarios in Horizontal Wells Using XFEM Based on the Cohesive Zone Method

Multistage hydraulic fracturing is a highly effective method for creating multiple transverse fractures to improve gas and oil reservoir production. It is critical to minimize the fracture spacing while also ensuring transverse propagation of fractures in multi-fractured horizontal wells. In this paper, a 3D fully coupled pore pressure-stress model based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) combined with the cohesive zone method is established to simulate five different fracturing scenarios in close spacing. The sensitivity of mesh size and the integration method are optimal, which are verified by the highly accurate traditional cohesive zone method. Then, the effect of five different fracturing scenarios on fracture geometries is compared. It is shown that spacing is a key parameter controlling fracture geometries in all fracturing scenarios. Alternative sequential and modified two-step fracturing can significantly reduce the influence of stress shadowing to generate more transverse fractures and form longer effective fractures. The sequential and two-step fracturing see an obvious improvement with increased fracture effective length when the spacing increases. The simultaneous fracturing technique can result in excessive closure of the middle fractures, which causes serious insertion of proppants. These results offer a new insight on optimization of hydraulic fracturing and can be a guidance for typical field cases.