Structures of Oligomers of a Peptide from β-Amyloid

Amyloid oligomers play a central role in Alzheimer's and other amyloid diseases, and yet the structures of these heterogeneous and unstable species are not well understood. To better understand the structures of oligomers formed by amyloid-beta peptide (A beta), we have incorporated a key amyloidogenic region of A beta into a macrocyclic peptide that stabilizes oligomers and facilitates structural elucidation by X-ray crystallography. This paper reports the crystallographic structures of oligomers and oligomer assemblies formed by a macrocycle containing the A beta(15-23) nonapeptide. The macrocycle forms hydrogen-bonded beta-sheets that assemble into cruciform tetramers consisting of eight beta-strands in a two-layered assembly. Three of the cruciform tetramers assemble into a triangular dodecamer. These oligomers further assemble in the lattice to form hexagonal pores. Molecular modeling studies suggest that the natural A beta peptide can form similar oligomers and oligomer assemblies. The crystallographic and molecular modeling studies suggest the potential for interaction of the oligomers with cell membranes and provide insights into the role of oligomers in amyloid diseases.