Licking and gaping elicited by microstimulation of the nucleus of the solitary tract

Intraoral infusions of bitter tastants activate expression of the immediate-early gene c-Fos in neurons located in the medial third of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST). The distribution of these neurons is distinct from that activated by sour or sweet stimuli. Bitter stimuli are also distinctive because of their potency for eliciting gaping, an oral reflex that functions to actively reject potentially toxic substances. Glossopharyngeal nerve transection profoundly reduces, whereas decerebration spares, the bitter-evoked Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) pattern and gaping, implicating the medial rNST as a substrate for the sensory limb of oral rejection. The present experiment tested this hypothesis using microstimulation (100 Hz, 0.2 ms, 5-40 mu A) to activate the rNST in awake rats. NST microstimulation elicited licking and gaping, and gaping was evoked from a restricted rNST region. The results indicated some topographic organization in sites effective for evoking gaping, but, in direct conflict with the hypothesis, lateral sites farther from bitter-evoked FLI were more effective than medial sites centered closer to FLI-expressing neurons. The gape-effective sites resemble locations of bitter-responsive neurons recently observed in neurophysiological recordings. These results indicate that bitter-responsive rNST neurons critical for triggering gaping may not express FLI and imply an alternate function for bitter-responsive neurons that do.