Polymer matrix composite with natural and synthetic fibres

Synthetic fibre as a reinforcing agent is in use for quite some time in polymer matrix composite (PMC) to produce lightweight materials with improved strength, modulus and stiffness. However, growing environmental impact associated with production, disposal and recycling of synthetic-fibre-based polymer composites trigger the development of eco-friendly composite for various applications such as automotive, marine, chemical, Infrastructure, sporting goods, etc., using natural fibres. There are many types of natural fibres of which kenaf, jute, oil palm, cotton, flax, banana hemp and sisal are gaining attention as they are abundantly available, cheaper, eco-friendly and possess remarkable and satisfactory mechanical properties. Along with natural fibre, hybridisation of natural/synthetic fibres, as well as polymer hybrid composites that are reinforced with various combinations of nanometre-sized carbon and mineral fillers are the focus of interest of researchers to build their applications in the field of engineering and technology. This review article deals with the mechanical properties of PMC with various natural and synthetic fibres. The impact of carbon nanofillers and the existence of synergy between different types of carbon nanofillers are also addressed. Overall, this review paper will provide a guideline to explore recent development in PMC with various reinforcing fibres and their potential applications.